References
Berger, R.A. (1982). Applied exercise physiology. Philadelphia: Lea Feinger.
Bernstein, M.L., Despars, J.A., Singh, N.P., Avalos, K., Stansbury, D.W., & Light, R.W. (1994). Reanalysis of the 12-minute walk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest, 105, 163-167.
Chen, Z., Maricic, M., Pettinger, M., Ritenbaugh, C., Lopez, A.M., Barad, D.H., et al. (2005). Osteoporosis and rate of bone loss among postmenopausal survivors of breast cancer. Cancer, 104, 1520-1530.
Cooper, K.H. (1968). A means of assessing maximal oxygen uptake. JAMA, 203, 201-204.
Courneya, K.S., Mackey, J.R., Bell, G.J., Jones, L.W., Field, C.J., & Fairey, A.S. (2003). Randomized controlled trial of exercise training in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: Cardiopulmonary and quality-of-life outcomes. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 1660-1668.
Courneya, K.S., Vallance, J.K., McNeely, M.L., Karvinen, K.H., Peddle, C.H., & Mackey, J.R. (2004). Exercise issues in older cancer survivors. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 51, 249-261.
Delmas, P.D., Balena, R., Confravreux, E., Hardouin, C., Hardy, P., & Bremond, A. (1997). Bisphosphonate risedronate prevents bone loss in women with artificial menopause due to chemotherapy of breast cancer: A double blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15, 955-962.
Eastell, R. (1998). Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 736-746.
Engelke, K., Kemmler, W., Lauber, D., Beeskow, C., Pintag, R., & Kalender, W.A. (2006). Exercise maintains bone density at spine and hip EFOPS: A 3-year longitudinal study in early postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International, 17, 133-142.
Engels, H.J., Currie, J.S., Lueck, C.C., & Wirth, J.C. (2002). Bench/step training with and without extremity loading. Effects on muscular fitness, body composition profile, and psychological affect. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42, 71-78.
Evans, W.J. (1999). Exercise training guidelines for the elderly. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 12-17.
Garnero, P., Sornay-Rendu, E., Claustrat, B., & Delmas, P.D. (2000). Biochemical markers of bone turnover, endogenous hormones, and the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women: The OFELY study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 15, 1526-1536.
Goodwin, P.J., Ennis, M., Pritchard, K.I., McCready, D., Koo, J., Sidlofsky, S., et al. (1999). Adjuvant treatment and onset of menopause predict weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17, 120-129.
Greenblatt, D. (2005). Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pharmacotherapy, 25, 574-584.
Jemal, A., Murray, T., Ward, E., Samuels, A., Tiwari, R.C., Ghafoor, A., et al. (2005). Cancer statistics, 2005. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 55, 10-30.
Kaste, S.C., Rai, S.N., Fleming, K., McCammon, E.A., Tylavsky, F.A., Danish, R.K., et al. (2006). Changes in bone mineral density in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood and Cancer, 46, 77-87.
Kerr, D., Morton, A., Dick, I., & Marcus, R. (1996). Exercise effects on bone mass in postmenopausal women are site-specific and load dependent. Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 11, 218-225.
Kohrt, W.M., Bloomfield, S.A., Little, K.D., Nelson, M.E., & Yingling, V.R. (2004). American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Physical activity and bone health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1985-1996.
Kraemer, W.J., Keuning, M., Ratamess, N.A., Volek, J.S., McCormick, M., Bush, J.A., et al. (2001). Resistance training combined with bench-step aerobics enhances women's health profile. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 259-269.
Layne, J.E., & Nelson, M.E. (1999). The effect of progressive resistance training on bone density: A review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 25-30.
Leedham, B., & Ganz, P.A. (1999). Psychosocial concerns and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Cancer Investigation, 17, 342-348.
Lohman, T., Going, S., Pamenter, R., Hall, M., Boyden, T., Houtkooper, L., et al. (1995). Effects of resistance training on regional and total bone mineral density in premenopausal women: A randomized prospective study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10, 1015-1024.
Lower, E.E., Blau, R., Gadzer, P., & Tummala, R. (1999). The risk of premature menopause induced by chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, 8, 949-954.
McCune, J.S., Games, D.M., & Espirito, J.L. (2005). Assessment of ovarian failure and osteoporosis in premenopausal breast cancer survivors. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 11(2), 37-43.
Mock, V., Burke, M.B., Sheehan, P., Creaton, E.M., Winningham, M.L., McKenney-Tedder, S., et al. (1994). A nursing rehabilitation program for women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncology Nursing Forum, 21, 899-907.
Mock, V., Dow, K.H., Meares, C.J., Grimm, P.M., Dienemann, J.A., Haisfield-Wolfe, M.E., et al. (1997). Effects of exercise on fatigue, physical functioning, and emotional distress during radiation therapy for breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 24, 991-1000.
Mock, V., Pickett, M., Ropka, M.E., Muscari, L.E., Stewart, K.J., Rhodes, V.A., et al. (2001). Fatigue and quality-of-life outcomes of exercise during cancer treatment. Cancer Practice, 9, 119-127.
Nelson, M.E., Fiatarone, M.A., Morganti, C.M., Truce, I., Greenberg, R.A., & Evans, W.J. (1994). Effects of high intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 272, 1909-1914.
Pocock, N., Eismann, J., Gwinn, T., Sambrook, P., Kelly, P., Freund, J., et al. (1989). Muscle fitness and weight but not age predict femoral neck bone mass. Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 4, 441-448.
Powles, T.J., McClosky, E., Paterson, A.H., Ashley, S., Tidy, V.A., Nevantaus, A., et al. (1998). Oral codronate and reduction in loss of bone mineral density in women with operable primary breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 90, 704-708.
Pruitt, L.A., Taaffe, D.R., & Marcus, R. (1995). Effects of a one-year high-intensity versus low-intensity resistance training program on bone mineral density in older women. Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 10, 1788-1795.
Reichman, B.S., & Green, K.B. (1994). Breast cancer in young women: Effect of chemotherapy on ovarian function, fertility, and birth defects. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 16, 125-129.
Reyno, L.M., Levine, M.N., Skingley, P., Arnold, A., & Abu Zahra, H. (1992). Chemotherapy induced amenorrhoea in a randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy duration in breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 29A, 21-23.
Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L.M., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E.M., Oramas-Rodriguez, J.M., Santolaria-Fernandez, F., Llanos, M., Cruz, J., et al. (2005). Changes in bone mineral density after adjuvant treatment in women with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 93, 75-83.
Saarto, T., Bloomqvist, C., Valimaki, M., Makela, P., Sarna, S., & Elomaa, I. (1997). Chemical castration induced by adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil chemotherapy causes rapid bone loss that is reduced by clodronate: A randomized study in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15, 1341-1347.
Schwartz, A.L. (1999). Fatigue mediates the effects of exercise on quality of life in women with breast cancer. Quality of Life Research, 8, 529-538.
Schwartz, A.L. (2000). Weight change in women who do and do not exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Cancer Practice, 8, 231-237.
Schwartz, A.L., Mori, M., Gao, R., Nail, L.M., & King, M.E. (2001). Exercise dose and fatigue: Day-to-day variation in women with breast cancer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 718-723.
Schwartz, A.L., Thompson, J.T., Masood, N., & Chahal, A. (2002). Exercise and methylphenidate reduce interferon-induced fatigue in patients with malignant melanoma [Online exclusive].
Oncology Nursing Forum, 29, E85-E90. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from
http://www.ons.org/publi cations/journals/ONF/Volume29/Issue7/pdf/85.pdf
Shapiro, C.L., Manola, J., & Leboff, M. (2001). Ovarian failure after adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with rapid bone loss in women with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 3306-3311.
Shapiro, C.L., Phillips, G., Van Poznak, C.H., Jackson, R., Leboff, M.S., Woodard, S., et al. (2005). Baseline bone mineral density of the total lumbar spine may predict for chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 90, 41-46.
Shapiro, C.L., & Recht, A. (1994). Late effects of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 16, 101-112.
Sklar, C.A. (1999). Overview of the effects of cancer therapies: The nature, scale, and breadth of the problem. Acta Paediatrics Supplement, 88(433), 1-4.
Snow, C.M., Shaw, J.M., Winters, K.M., & Witzke, K.A. (2000). Long-term exercise using weighted vests to prevent hip bone loss in postmenopausal women. Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55, M495-M491.
Swenson, K.K., Henly, S.J., Shapiro, A.C., & Schroeder, L.M. (2005). Interventions to prevent loss of bone mineral density in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 9, 177-184.
Talmage, R.V., Stinnett, S.S., Landwehr, J.T., Vincent, L.M., & McCartney, W.H. (1986). Age-related loss of bone mineral density in nonathletic and athletic young women. Bone Mineral, 1, 115-125.
Van Poznak, C., & Sauter, N.P. (2005). Clinical management of osteoporosis in women with a history of breast carcinoma. Cancer, 104, 443-456.
Vehmanen, L., Elomaa, I., Blomqvist, C., & Saarto, T. (2006). Tamoxifen treatment after adjuvant chemotherapy has opposite effects on bone mineral density in premenopausal patients depending on menstrual status. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24, 675-680.
Winters-Stone, K.M., & Snow, C. (2003). Musculoskeletal response to exercise is greatest in women with low initial values. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, 1691-1696.
Winters-Stone, K.M., & Snow, C. (2006). Site-specific response of bone to exercise in premenopausal women. Bone, 39, 1203-1209.
Wolff, I., Van Croonenborg, J., Kemper, H., Kostense, P., & Twisk, J. (1999). The effect of exercise training programs on bone mass: A meta-analysis of published controlled trials in pre- and postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International, 9, 1-12.
Young-McCaughan, S., Mays, M.Z., Arzola, S.M., Yoder, L.H., Dramiga, S.A., Leclerc, K.M., et al. (2003). Change in exercise tolerance, activity, and sleep patterns and quality of life in patients with cancer participating in a structured exercise program. Oncology Nursing Forum, 30, 441-454.