Gender-Affirming Hormones May Lower PSA and Delay Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Transgender Women

Median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are lower in transgender women receiving estrogen than comparable cisgender men without a prostate cancer diagnosis, researchers reported in study findings published in JAMA, possibly because of the gender-affirming therapy’s castrating effects. The finding raises questions about the utility of PSA testing for transgender women with intact prostates.