ONS PEP^® Topics

These links will take you to the detailed evidence information for current PEP nurse-sensitive patient outcomes. Each outcome, or topic area, provides the levels of evidence for all of the interventions identified.  Information is organized according to the categories of levels of evidence outlined below.

The Weight of Evidence document provides information about how the evidence was weighed.

Interventions for which effectiveness has been demonstrated by strong evidence from rigorously designed studies, meta-analysis, or systematic reviews, and for which expectation of harm is small compared to the benefits.

Interventions for which effectiveness has been demonstrated from a single rigorously conducted controlled trial, consistent supportive evidence form well -designed controlled trials using small samples, or guidelines developed from evidence and supported by expert opinion

Interventions for which clinicians and patients should weigh the beneficial and harmful effects according to individual circumstances and priorities

interventions for which insufficient or conflicting data or data of inadequate quality currently exist, with no clear indication of harm

Interventions for which lack of effectiveness has been demonstrated by negative evidence from a single rigorously conducted controlled trial, consistent negative evidence from well-designed controlled trials using small samples, or guidelines developed from evidence and supported by expert opinion

Interventions for which lack of effectiveness or harmfulness has been demonstrated by strong evidence from rigorously conducted studies, meta-analyses, or systematic reviews, or interventions where the costs, burden, or harm associated with the intervention exceed anticipated benefit.

Choose a PEP Topic from the left menu to begin.