| Foreword |
xvii |
| Section I. Evolution of Survivorship Care |
1 |
| Chapter 1. Personalized Cancer Care |
3 |
| Introduction |
3 |
| Personalized Cancer Care |
3 |
| References |
5 |
| Chapter 2. From Anecdote to Evidence: The Survivor's Perspective |
7 |
| Introduction |
7 |
| Once Upon a Time |
8 |
| Down the Winding Road |
8 |
| Transforming Wounds |
9 |
| Survivors Unite |
10 |
| The Never-Ending Story |
10 |
| Improving Survivorship Care |
11 |
| From Surviving to Thriving |
13 |
| References |
14 |
| Chapter 3. The Paradigm Shift to Survivorship Care Planning |
15 |
| Introduction |
15 |
| State of the Science |
16 |
| Survivor Care Planning: Creation, Delivery, and Outcomes |
17 |
| National Activities and Publications |
17 |
| Guidelines for Survivorship Care |
19 |
| Summary |
21 |
| References |
21 |
| Chapter 4. Survivorship Care Settings |
25 |
| Introduction |
25 |
| Planning for Survivorship Care |
25 |
| Cancer Survivorship Care Settings |
28 |
| Summary |
30 |
| References |
31 |
| Section II. Physical Challenges of the Cancer Survivor |
33 |
| Chapter 5. Pain and Discomfort |
37 |
| Introduction |
37 |
| Pain Syndromes in Cancer Survivors |
37 |
| Painful Comorbidities |
41 |
| Pain Assessment in Cancer Survivors |
41 |
| Pain Management in Cancer Survivors |
42 |
| Case Study |
46 |
| Summary |
46 |
| References |
46 |
| Chapter 6. Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Changes |
49 |
| Introduction |
49 |
| Factors Associated With Changes in Cognitive Function |
50 |
| Hypotheses for Causality |
51 |
| Issues With Assessment |
52 |
| Multidisciplinary Care |
53 |
| Case Study |
53 |
| Summary |
55 |
| References |
55 |
| Chapter 7. Skin and Mucosal Changes |
59 |
| Introduction |
59 |
| Dermatologic Changes Related to Cancer Treatment |
59 |
| Case Study |
66 |
| Summary |
67 |
| References |
67 |
| Chapter 8. Optimizing Bone Health in Adult Cancer Survivors |
69 |
| Introduction |
69 |
| Risk Factors for Bone Loss |
69 |
| Mechanisms of Bone Loss |
70 |
| Measurement of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Loss Risk Assessment |
72 |
| Management of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis |
73 |
| Toxicities of Treatment |
73 |
| Case Study |
74 |
| Summary |
75 |
| References |
75 |
| Chapter 9. Neuropathies in Cancer Survivors |
79 |
| Introduction |
79 |
| Clinical Factors |
79 |
| Prevention and Treatment |
83 |
| The Influence of Neuropathy on Overall Survivorship |
84 |
| Case Study |
85 |
| Summary |
86 |
| References |
86 |
| Chapter 10. Cardiopulmonary Challenges |
89 |
| Introduction |
89 |
| Cardiotoxicity From Cancer Treatments |
89 |
| Prevention of Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity |
92 |
| Monitoring for Cardiotoxicity |
93 |
| Management of Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity |
93 |
| Pulmonary Toxicity From Cancer Treatments |
94 |
| Monitoring of Pulmonary Toxicity |
95 |
| Prevention and Management of Pulmonary Toxicity |
95 |
| Case Study |
96 |
| Summary |
96 |
| References |
98 |
| Chapter 11. Cancer-Related Fatigue and Sleep-Wake Disturbances |
101 |
| Introduction |
101 |
| Fatigue |
102 |
| Sleep-Wake Disturbances |
106 |
| Case Study |
109 |
| Summary |
110 |
| References |
110 |
| Chapter 12. Chronic Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Symptoms |
113 |
| Introduction |
113 |
| Altered Gastrointestinal Motility |
114 |
| Altered Genitourinary Function |
117 |
| Case Study |
119 |
| Summary |
120 |
| References |
120 |
| Chapter 13. Sexuality and Reproductive Issues |
123 |
| Introduction |
123 |
| Rebuilding Romantic Relationships |
123 |
| Reclaiming Pleasurable Sensations |
124 |
| Reestablishing Body Self-Esteem and Rediscovering Relaxation |
125 |
| Reintroducing Eroticism |
125 |
| Case Study One |
126 |
| Recovering the Possibility of Biologic Parenthood |
126 |
| Case Study Two |
128 |
| Case Study Three |
129 |
| Summary |
130 |
| References |
130 |
| Chapter 14. Lymphedema Following Cancer Treatment |
133 |
| Introduction |
133 |
| Background |
133 |
| Quality of Life |
138 |
| Case Study |
138 |
| Summary |
140 |
| References |
141 |
| Chapter 15. Reproductive Hormonal Imbalances in Adult Cancer Survivors |
145 |
| Introduction |
145 |
| Pathophysiology and Risk Factors |
145 |
| Assessment and Management |
148 |
| Cardiovascular Disease and Risks After Cancer Treatment |
151 |
| Summary |
156 |
| References |
156 |
| Section III. Psychosocial Challenges of the Cancer Survivor |
161 |
| Chapter 16. Anxiety and Uncertainty |
165 |
| Introduction |
165 |
| Diagnosis and Assessment |
167 |
| Interventions |
168 |
| Summary |
171 |
| References |
172 |
| Chapter 17. Post-Traumatic Stress and Post-Traumatic Growth in Cancer Survivors |
175 |
| Introduction |
175 |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
176 |
| Post-Traumatic Growth |
179 |
| Summary |
181 |
| References |
181 |
| Chapter 18. Assessing Risk for Potential Substance Abuse With Opioid Therapy |
185 |
| Introduction |
185 |
| Differentiation of Cancer Survivors From Other Pain Populations |
186 |
| Opioid Use in Survivors With or Without Histories of Abuse and Addiction |
187 |
| What Is Addiction? |
187 |
| Summary |
191 |
| References |
191 |
| Chapter 19. Depression and Suicide in Long-Term Cancer Survivors |
195 |
| Introduction |
195 |
| Prevalence and Risk of Depression in Long-Term Cancer Survivors |
196 |
| Suicide and Suicide Ideation in Long-Term Cancer Survivors |
198 |
| Screening and Assessment of Long-Term Cancer Survivors |
199 |
| Assessment and Referral |
200 |
| Resources for Survivors With Psychological Concerns |
201 |
| Summary |
202 |
| References |
202 |
| Chapter 20. Spirituality and Cancer Survivorship |
205 |
| Introduction |
205 |
| Spirituality as a Source of Comfort |
205 |
| Spirituality as a Resource in Cancer Survivorship |
206 |
| How Do We Explain the Impulse to Spirituality? |
206 |
| Spirituality and the Biopsychosocial Model of Cancer Care |
208 |
| Considerations for Addressing Spiritual Issues With Patients |
209 |
| Personalized Cancer Care |
209 |
| Final Reflections: My Spiritual Journey Through Cancer |
210 |
| Summary |
211 |
| References |
212 |
| Chapter 21. Transitioning to End of Life |
215 |
| Introduction |
215 |
| End-of-Life Discussion |
216 |
| Advance Care Planning |
219 |
| Hospice |
220 |
| Case Study |
221 |
| Summary |
222 |
| References |
222 |
| Section IV. Practical Issues for Survivors |
225 |
| Chapter 22. Personalizing Information to Meet Survivors’ Needs |
229 |
| Introduction |
229 |
| Common Sources for Information |
229 |
| Common Information Needs |
230 |
| Examining Ways of Personalizing Information Needs |
232 |
| Summary |
234 |
| References |
237 |
| Chapter 23. Economic Burden of Cancer Survivorship in the United States |
239 |
| Introduction |
239 |
| Components of the Economic Burden of Cancer |
239 |
| Future Directions |
244 |
| Summary |
246 |
| References |
246 |
| Chapter 24. Employment and Cancer Survivorship |
249 |
| Introduction |
249 |
| Balance of Work and Treatment |
249 |
| Disclosure of Cancer Diagnosis and Symptoms |
250 |
| Family and Medical Leave Act |
251 |
| Long-Term Employment |
251 |
| Cancer-Related Disability |
252 |
| Social Resources at Work |
253 |
| Health Insurance |
253 |
| Summary |
253 |
| References |
255 |
| Section V. Maximizing Health Outcomes for the Cancer Survivor |
259 |
| Chapter 25. Recurrence and Second Primary Cancers |
263 |
| Introduction |
263 |
| Nonmodifiable Risk Factors |
263 |
| Modifiable Risk Factors |
265 |
| Summary |
269 |
| References |
269 |
| Chapter 26. Nutrition and Cancer Chemoprevention Within an Integrative Health Promotion Model |
273 |
| Introduction |
273 |
| Cancer Prevention and Survivorship |
274 |
| Case Study |
279 |
| Summary |
280 |
| References |
281 |
| Chapter 27. Motivation for Lifestyle Changes After Cancer |
285 |
| Introduction |
285 |
| Exercise Adoption |
286 |
| Dietary Change |
287 |
| Multiple Behaviors: Exercise With Dietary Change |
288 |
| Smoking Cessation |
289 |
| Summary |
290 |
| References |
291 |
| Chapter 28. Promoting Inner Strength |
295 |
| Introduction |
295 |
| Theory of Inner Strength in Women |
296 |
| Case Study |
303 |
| Summary |
304 |
| References |
304 |
| Chapter 29. Healthy Lifestyles in Cancer Survivorship: Personalized Approaches to Change and Maintenance |
307 |
| Introduction |
307 |
| Individual Differences in Healthy Lifestyles Among Survivors |
308 |
| Individual Differences in Survivors’ Health Behaviors |
308 |
| A Personalized Approach to Facilitate Survivors’ Healthy Lifestyles |
311 |
| Nurses Facilitating Adaptive Change |
312 |
| Summary |
312 |
| References |
313 |
| Chapter 30. Mind-Body Wellness and Integrative Medicine |
317 |
| Introduction |
317 |
| Integrative Medicine Affirms the Whole Person |
318 |
| Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction |
320 |
| Mindfulness in Motion: A Mind-Body Approach for Cancer Survivors |
322 |
| Summary |
323 |
| References |
323 |
| Chapter 31. Empowering Survivors Through Expressive Arts |
327 |
| Introduction |
327 |
| Moving Beyond Traditional Psychosocial Support |
328 |
| Transforming Trauma and Empowering Survivors Through Expressive Arts |
329 |
| Trusting the Process and Discovering Meaning |
330 |
| Case Study |
332 |
| Summary |
333 |
| References |
334 |
| Section VI. Survivorship Care, Now and in the Future |
337 |
| Chapter 32. Survivorship Education: Professional Education Needs |
341 |
| Introduction |
341 |
| Survivorship Care Content |
341 |
| Principles of Adult Learning |
342 |
| Developing the Survivorship Education Program |
343 |
| Evaluating the Survivorship Education Program |
345 |
| Summary |
347 |
| References |
347 |
| Chapter 33. Theoretical Framework for Survivorship |
349 |
| Introduction |
349 |
| Models Related to Cancer Survivorship |
350 |
| A Biopsychosocial Model of Cancer Survivorship |
354 |
| Summary |
355 |
| References |
355 |
| Chapter 34. Cancer Survivorship Care Plans |
359 |
| Introduction |
359 |
| Key Terms |
360 |
| Survivorship Care Plan |
361 |
| Barriers in the Provision of Survivorship Care Plans |
365 |
| Summary |
368 |
| References |
368 |
| Chapter 35. Survivorship Care for People With Metastasis |
371 |
| Introduction |
371 |
| Healthcare Disparities and Patients With Metastasis |
372 |
| A Challenging New Paradigm: Palliative Cancer Care |
374 |
| Palliative Cancer Care as a Chronic Disease Management Approach |
375 |
| Case Study |
377 |
| Summary |
378 |
| References |
378 |
| Chapter 36. Survivorship Issues in the Geriatric Population |
381 |
| Introduction |
381 |
| Impact of Aging on Health Status |
382 |
| Side Effects of Cancer Treatment With Older Adults |
382 |
| Geriatric Syndromes |
386 |
| Summary |
387 |
| References |
387 |
| Chapter 37. Survivorship Advocacy |
391 |
| Introduction |
391 |
| The Six Basic Advocacy Skills |
392 |
| Using Advocacy Skills Across a Continuum |
394 |
| The Importance of Being an Advocate |
396 |
| The Role of Healthcare Professionals in Advocacy |
397 |
| Integrating Advocacy Training Into Practice |
398 |
| Summary |
398 |
| References |
399 |
| Chapter 38. Patient Navigation Across the Continuum of Care |
401 |
| Introduction |
401 |
| History of Patient Navigation |
401 |
| Evidence for Patient Navigation |
402 |
| Recommendations for Use of Patient Navigators Across the Cancer Care Continuum |
406 |
| Summary |
407 |
| References |
407 |
| Chapter 39. The Promise of Healthy Survivorship |
409 |
| Introduction |
409 |
| Healthy Survivorship |
410 |
| The Three-Step Approach to Personalized Care in Healthy Survivorship |
410 |
| Meaning and Happiness |
415 |
| Summary |
416 |
| References |
416 |
| Chapter 40. Cancer Survivorship Care in the Future |
417 |
| Introduction |
417 |
| Paradigm Shifts in Cancer Survivorship Care |
418 |
| Successful Survivorship Care Planning |
418 |
| Cancer Rehabilitation as the Foundation for Cancer Survivorship Care |
419 |
| Reducing the Burden of Unmet Psychosocial Needs Through Survivorship Care Planning |
420 |
| Empowering Survivors Through Health Promotion |
421 |
| Enhanced Cancer Survivorship Care |
422 |
| Summary |
423 |
| References |
423 |
| Appendices |
427 |
| Appendix A. Progress Toward Identifying and Meeting Cancer Survivors’ Needs, With a Focus on Nursing |
429 |
| Appendix B. Recommendations From the State of the Science on Nursing Approaches to Managing Late and Long-Term Sequelae of Cancer and Cancer Treatment |
431 |
| Appendix C. Master Tactical Plan: Identifying Ways Nurses Can Help to Improve Outcomes Among Survivors of Adult Cancers |
432 |
| Appendix D. Multidimensional Cancer Survivorship Agenda for Nursing |
433 |
| Appendix E. Organizing Framework for Understanding Cancer-Related Fatigue in Cancer Survivors |
434 |
| Appendix F. Fatigue Survivorship Care Plan |
435 |
| Appendix G. Insomnia Survivorship Care Plan |
437 |
| Appendix H. Fertility Options |
439 |
| Appendix I. Practice and Selected Treatments for Lymphedema |
440 |
| Appendix J. Follow-Up Resources for Survivors With Psychological Distress |
442 |
| Appendix K. Mental Health Teaching Sheet for Depression and Suicide Risk |
444 |
| Appendix L. A Prescription for Living |
447 |
| Appendix M. Sample Cancer Treatment Plan and Summary |
449 |
| Appendix N. Colon Cancer Adjuvant Treatment Plan and Summary |
452 |
| Appendix O. Colon Cancer Survivorship Care Plan |
454 |
| Appendix P. LIVESTRONG™ Care Plan Results for Breast Cancer |
455 |
| Appendix Q. Survivorship Care Plan for Breast Cancer |
468 |
| Appendix R. Selected U.S. Adult Invasive Cancers, Survival Rates and Distribution by Stage, and Advanced-Stage Survival Rates |
479 |
| Appendix S. Selected U.S. Adult Invasive Cancers, Overall Survival Rates, and Advanced-Stage Survival and Mortality Rates |
481 |
| Appendix T. Skills for Attaining Quality Cancer Care |
483 |
| Index |
485 |